Cardiovascular disease - Balance Clinic

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. It is an umbrella term that encompasses many disorders, including coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, and heart valve problems. CVD is the leading cause of death globally. In the United States alone, 1 in every 4 deaths is caused by heart disease. Understanding what puts us at risk and how to prevent CVD could literally save lives.

What Causes Cardiovascular Disease?

There are a multitude of risk factors that contribute to CVD:

• Atherosclerosis - This is the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. It often begins in childhood.
• High blood pressure - Also called hypertension, this adds stress to blood vessel walls.
• Smoking - Chemicals in tobacco smoke harm blood cells and damage arteries.
• Diabetes - High blood sugar levels are taxing on the circulatory system.
• Obesity - Excess body fat, especially around the waist, raises CVD risk.
• Physical inactivity - Lack of exercise can lead to plaque buildup and stiffening of heart muscle.
• Unhealthy diet - Foods high in salt, sugar, and unhealthful fats can worsen other risk factors.
• Family history - Genetics can predispose people to cardiovascular disease.

What Are Common Symptoms?

• Chest pain or tightness
• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations
• Lightheadedness or dizziness
• Swelling in the extremities

If you experience any of these, seek medical care immediately, as it could signal a heart attack or other serious condition.

How Can I Prevent Cardiovascular Disease?

The good news is that much of CVD is preventable through lifestyle changes:

• Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke.
• Exercise for 30-60 minutes most days.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Limit salt, sugar, and unhealthful fats in your diet.
• Manage conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
• Take medication as prescribed by your doctor.
• Get regular checkups to catch issues early.

By understanding cardiovascular disease risk factors, symptoms, and preventative steps, we can work to improve heart health at both an individual and societal level. Small changes can make a lifesaving difference.